TC 5.12 Programs

1. User’s Manual and 62’s Equipment, O&M and Construction Requirements

Lawrence J. Schoen, P.E., Fellow, Schoen Engineering Inc., Columbia, MD

2. Standard 62.1 User’s Manual: Using the VRP and Demand Controlled Ventilation

Steven T. Taylor, P.E., Fellow, Taylor Engineering, LLC, Alameda, CA

3. Air Cleaning Requirements in Standard 62.1 and Application of the IAQ Procedure

Christopher O. Muller, Member, Purafil, Inc., Doraville, GA

Seminar 43 - Room: 207 - Ventilation and IAQ: The New Standard 62.1 User’s Manual

Monday, June 26, 2006 10:45 a.m.–12:15 p.m.

Sponsor: TC 04.03 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration; SSPC 62.1

Chair: Brian A. Rock, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS

ASHRAE 62.1-2004 includes many improvements compared to previous versions of the standard. For example, the ventilation rate procedure has new calculation methods, and the indoor air quality procedure is more fully described. This seminar presents the new 62.1 User’s Manual; both the seminar and the manual will help HVAC designers and others use the new standard.

Poster Session - Infiltration Heat Recovery, Part 1: Field Studies in an Instrumented Test Building (RP-1169) (QC-06-056)

Tuesday, June 27, 2006 11:00 a.m.–1:00 p.m.

Sponsor: TC 05.12 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Mark Y. Ackerman, James D. Dale and David J. Wilson, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

The flow of air through the porous media used as building insulation has the potential to recover energy normally lost through the building envelope via conduction. This paper shows that the energy recovery potential is strongly dependent on the fraction of the building envelope that participates in the exchange process. Given the unknowns, number of cracks or holes, crack geometry and location, the traditional methods used to calculate component U-value are adequate. No allowance for air infiltration, other than the traditional methods of calculating the energy impact, are needed.

1. Attached Garages and IAQ: Introduction and Canadian Results

Don Fugler, Member, CMHC, Ottawa, ON, Canada

2. Exploring Dangers of CO Migration from an Attached Garage

James B. Cummings, Member, Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, FL

3. Simulation of Garage-Related IAQ Problems and Potential Solutions

Steven J. Emmerich, Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD

Seminar 78 - Room: 206 B - IAQ and Carbon Monoxide Issues Related to Attached Residential Garages

Wednesday, June 28, 2006 10:45 a.m.–12:15 p.m.

Sponsor: TC 04.03 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration; SSPC 62.2

Chair: Bernardo Cardenal, Member, Rocamar Engineering Services, Delray Beach, FL

Garages attached to residences may contain numerous sources of air contaminants. Air frequently flows from the garage into the attached building. This seminar reports the current state of knowledge on contaminant sources, transport mechanisms between garage and house, air tightness of garage-house separating walls and methods of intervening to prevent exposures in the house and the garage.

1. New San Francisco Federal Office Building: Collaboration in Pursuit of Natural Ventilation

Erin McConahey, P.E., Member, Arup, Los Angeles, CA

2. From Blue to Green: The Evolution Towards Naturally Ventilated Buildings

Kevin R. Hydes, P.E., Member, Keen Engineering, Montreal, QB, Canada

3. Engineering Tools for the Design and Analysis of Natural and Mixed-Mode Ventilation Systems

Steven J. Emmerich, Member, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 7

4. Control of Mixed Mode Ventilation Systems for Energy Efficiency

Allan Daly, P.E., Member, Taylor Engineering LLC, Alameda, CA

Seminar 9 - Room: Salon 2 - Design of Natural and Mixed-Mode Ventilation Systems in Commercial Buildings

Sunday, January 22, 200610:15 a.m. – 12:15 p.m.

Sponsor: TC 05.12 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

SPC Liaison: Joseph S. Ferdelman, P.E., Member, Heapy Engineering, Dayton, OH

Chair: Steven T. Taylor, P.E., Fellow, Taylor Engineering LLC, Alameda, CA

Natural ventilation systems and mixed mode systems (a combination of natural and mechanical systems) are becoming increasingly popular in the North America due to their potential to improve indoor air quality, occupant satisfaction and energy efficiency. This seminar includes discussions of design concepts and tools and case studies of successful installations.

Forum 9 - Should Standards 119, 136 and 129 Be Adopted into Codes?

Sponsor: TC 05.12 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Moderator: Morton H. Blatt, Fellow, Energy Utilization Consultant, Mountain View, CA

The forum explores how ASHRAE standards 119,136 and 129, which address building envelope air tightness and air change rates for houses and ventilation effectiveness in general, are used in design, specification and operation of buildings. Discussion focuses on who uses the standards, their objectives and the best approach to achieve those objectives, whether the standards provide procedures and tools that can be used in practical situations, and future research and standards efforts needed to provide better guidelines and standards in these areas.

Forum 13 - Can You Design an Exhaust Stack Using the Building Air Intake and Exhaust Design Chapter of the HVAC Applications Handbook

Sponsor: TC 05.12 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Moderator: John J. Carter, Member, Cermak Peterka Petersen, Inc., Fort Collins, CO

The methods presented in the 2003 Handbook, HVAC Applications, chapter on building air intake and exhaust design were changed significantly from previous versions. Are the new methods useful to designers? What needs to be added to the chapter to make it more useful?

Forum 32 - What Should Be in the 62.2 Companion Guideline?

Sponsor: TC 05.12 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Moderator: Steven J. Emmerich, Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD

ASHRAE Standard 62.2, Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings, provides more detailed residential ventilation requirements than contained in the previous versions of Standard 62. However the 62.2 project committee felt the standard did not adequately address the need to provide information on achieving good IAQ in residential buildings due to a lack of consensus and the inability to provide explanatory and educational material in a code-language document. This forum seeks input to the needed content of a proposed guideline.

Standard 62’s New Ventilation Rate Procedure and Ventilation Requirement Based on Floor Area

Andrew K. Persily, Ph.D., Fellow, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD

Summary of Data for Building Related Pollution Load and Addition of Sensory Pollution Loads for the Calculation of Required Ventilation Rates

Pawel Wargocki, Ph.D.,Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

How to Apply New 62.1 Default Ventilation Requirements for Low-Emitting Buildings to Typical Buildings

Elia M. Sterling, Member, Theodor Sterling Associates Ltd., Vancouver, BC, Canada

The Role of Chemicals Used in Commercial and High-Rise Residential Buildings

John DiFazio, Member, Consumer Specialty Products Association, Washington, D.C.

Required Ventilation Rates and Emission from Building Materials

Bjarne W. Olesen, Ph.D., Fellow, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

Seminar 32 - ASHRAE 62.1-2004: The Building Component Feature

Sponsor: SSPC 62.1; TC 05.12 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration; TC 07.09 Building Commissioning

Chair: Hoy Bohanon, P.E., Member, Bohanon Engineering PLLC, Clemmons, NC

ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 will contain a new methodology for calculating ventilation rates. The procedure has two components: one based on the number of occupants in the space and the other based on the size of the space. This session focuses on the second of these: the building component. The session explores the history of this development, the underlying science and practical implications to HVAC designers.

Avoiding Building Enclosure and HVAC System Problems in Hot, Humid Climates

Joe Lstiburek, Ph.D., Fellow, Building Science Corp., Westford, MA

Ventilation and Infiltration in Hot, Humid Climates: IAQ and Energy Issues Revisited

Chandra Sekhar, Ph.D., Member, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Ventilation Strategies in Hot and Humid Climates

Neil Moyer, Ph.D., Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, FL

Seminar 3 - Design and Constructing Buildings in Hot and Humid Climates

Sponsor: TC 05.12 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

APC Liaison: James E. Wolf, Presidential Member, American Standard Cos., Arlington, VA

Chair: Bernardo Cardenal, P.E., Member, Rocamar Engineering Services, Inc., Delray Beach, FL

Design and constructing buildings in hot and humid climates is difficult due to the climate and lack of information relevant to the south. This seminar deals with the impact of design construction and operation on the performance of buildings in hot and humid climates. The presentations identify and evaluate solutions and indoor environmental problems. Design of walls, roofs, mechanical systems, and interior finishes as they relate to moisture control, durability and indoor air quality are discussed. Diagnostic procedures and remediation techniques also are discussed. Moisture and related indoor air quality problems have become a major source of litigation and related health problems.

An Introduction to ASHRAE’s Residential Ventilation Standard 62.2

David T. Grimsrud, Ph.D., Member, Grimsrud & Associates, Minneapolis, MN

Code Interactions of Standard 62.2

Bruce A. Wilcox, Member, Berkeley Solar Group, Berkeley, CA

Designing Residential Ventilation Systems to Meet Standard 62.2

Don T. Stevens, Member, Stevens & Associates, Keyport, WA

Efficacy of Intermittent Ventilation

Max Sherman, Ph.D., Fellow, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

Proposed Residential Ventilation and IAQ Guideline 24P - What Is It and Why?

Steven J. Emmerich, Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD

Seminar 19 - What’s New With Standard 62.2?

Sponsor: TC 05.12 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration; SSPC 62.2

APC Liaison: Richard A. Charles, P.E., Fellow Presidential Life Member, C&B Consulting Engineers, San Francisco, CA

Chair: Steven J. Emmerich, Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD

ASHRAE’s Standard 62.2, Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings, published in 2003, provides requirements for whole-house ventilation, local ventilation and source control measures within singlefamily houses and multifamily structures of three stories or fewer. This seminar introduces Standard 62.2 and its requirements, examines interactions with building codes, describes the efficacy of intermittent ventilation, presents design examples, and discusses the proposed companion Guideline 24P.

Overview of the Healthy Indoor Partnership Mold Workshop

Morad R. Atif, Ph.D., National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Identified R&D Themes and Priorities for Mold in Buildings

Marie-Alix D’Halewyn, Ph.D., Institut National de Sante Publique du Quebec, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue (Quebec), Quebec, Canada

Canadian Approaches to Mold Remediation in Buildings

Donald A. Figley, Ph.D., P.E., Figley Consulting Associates Ltd., Saskatoon, SK, Canada

Seminar 5 - Moving Towards a Rational Approach to Addressing Mold Problems in Buildings

Sponsor: TC 05.12 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

APC Liaison: Michael R. Brambley, Ph.D., Member, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA

Chair: James T Reardon, Ph.D., Member, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

The Healthy Indoor Partnership S&T Workshop on Mold took place November 2003, in Montreal, bringing together more than 85 North-American stakeholders and experts, including occupational hygiene, health, property management, manufacturers, consultants and builders. A consensus on state-of-art and R&D priorities on two aspects of mold in buildings was determined: potential health impacts and remedial technologies. Workshop leaders report on the new collaborative plan for a consistent multi-disciplinary approach to mold by Canadian government and industry.

The Hows and Whys of Residential Ventilation

Max Sherman, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

Canadian Approaches to Residential Ventilation

Anil Parekh, P.E., CANMET Energy Technology Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Residential Ventilation for Production Homebuilders

Armin Rudd, Building Science Corp., Westford, MA

Residential Ventilation Strategies for Cold Climates

Patrick Huelman, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN

Ventilation in Hot-Humid Climates: Between a Rock and a Hard Place?

Neil Moyer, Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, FL

Seminar 7 - The Hows and Whys of Residential Ventilation

Sponsor: TC 05.12 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Chair: Dianne Griffiths, Associate, Steven Winter Associates Inc., Norwalk, CT

This session addresses residential ventilation with an emphasis on climate-specific needs and solutions. An introduction to ventilation through the perspective of ASHRAE’s residential IAQ standard, 62.2, is given, followed by an analytical comparison with Canadian code requirements. Presenters discuss the benefits and limitations posed by climate-specific ventilation systems and provide strategies for taking advantage of regional characteristics. Strategies include sizing, basic configurations and control issues. Presenters also discuss the impacts of moisture.

The Effect of Rooftop Aerodynamics on Exhaust and Intake Placement

Glenn Schuyler, Member, RWDI, Guelph, ON, Canada

Development of a Lab Hood Exhaust Stack Selection Method and ANSI Z9.5-2000

Victor Neuman, P.E., Member, Tek -Air Systems Inc., San Diego, CA

Specifying Exhaust Systems to Minimize Energy Costs while Maintaining Acceptable Air Quality

John J. Carter, Member, Cermak Peterka Petersen Inc., Fort Collins, CO

Seminar 25 - Exhaust and Intake Design Issues

Sponsor: TC 05.12 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration; TC 09.10 Laboratory Systems; TC 05.06 Control of Fire and Smoke

Chair: Ronald L. Petersen, Ph.D., Member, Cermak Peterka Petersen Inc., Fort Collins, CO

The seminar addresses the latest issues in exhaust and intake design. New design procedures in ANSI/AIHA Z9.5 are discussed as well more sophisticated design techniques that include numerical and wind tunnel modeling. Rules of thumb for sighting exhausts and intakes are provided. The relationship between the air quality design criteria, fan size/type specification and annual energy costs is discussed. Examples from recent projects are presented, showing how initial fan size specifications could be reduced to save energy costs while also maintaining acceptable air quality.

Forum 13 - What is Needed to Make the Handbooks More Designer Friendly?

Sponsor: TC 05.12 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration; Technical Activities Committe, Handbook Committee

Moderator: Craig P. Wray, Member, P. Eng, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

The ASHRAE Handbook series provides a broad range of engineering information, which is continuously updated by ASHRAE technical committees. Updates are intended to provide new information, clarify existing information, delete obsolete material, and reorganize chapters to make the Handbook more understandable and easier to use. This forum seeks input from attendees to help guide and focus these improvements. Issues to discuss include characterizing the types of users (designers, contractors and students), specifying their information needs (procedure checklists, design data, industry practice summaries and example calculations) and identifying appropriate information presentation formats (paper versus electronic).

Forum 16 - Is IAQ in Commercial Kitchens an Issue?

Sponsor: TC 05.10 Kitchen Ventilation; TC 05.12 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Moderator: Rick A. Bagwell, Associate, Halton Company, Scottsville, KY

There has been little research done on IAQ in commercial kitchens. Integration of supply and exhaust systems are critical to achieve capture and containment of cooking effluent, and to produce thermally comfortable environments where productivity levels can be maintained at higher levels. It would be good to measure the interest levels from the industry and give the TC an idea if this topic is viable for research.

Poster Session - Exhaust Contamination of Hidden vs. Visible Air Intakes (4681) (RP-1168)

Sponsor: TC 05.12 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Ronald L. Petersen, Ph.D., Member, and John J. Carter, Member, Cermak Peterka Petersen Inc., Fort Collins, CO; John W. LeCompte, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO

A wind-tunnel dispersion modeling study was conducted to investigate exhaust contamination of hidden vs. visible air intakes. The study shows that placing air intakes on building sidewalls is beneficial when stacks are on the roof. Significant reductions occur when air intakes are placed below the building roof edge on the building sidewall. The farther down the building sidewall the air intake is placed, the larger the reduction.

Can a System with ETS Comply with Standard 62-2001?

Dennis A. Stanke, Member, Trane, La Crosse, WI

Comfort Ventilation For Secondhand Smoke: A Health Hazard

James L. Repace, Repace Associates Inc., Bowie, MD

Implications of ASHRAE’s Guidelines for Ventilation in Smoking Permitted Areas

Stanton A. Glantz, Ph.D., University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

ASHRAE Must Provide Guidance to the Design Community

William J. Coad, P.E., Presidential Member, Fellow, Coad Engineering Enterprises, St. Louis, MO

Seminar 47 - Standard 62’s Comfort-Only Approach to Smoking Spaces

Sponsor: SSPC 62.1; TC 05.12 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Chair: Lawrence J. Schoen, P.E., Member, Schoen Engineering Inc, Columbia, MD

ASHRAE and ANSI recently approved addendum 62o to Standard 62, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. Addendum 62o contains an informative appendix that describes a method, the intention of which is to achieve comfort, but not any health goals in smoking spaces. This seminar explores the limitations of the new method in reaching this comfort goal and the remaining health risks that are expected when the addendum is used. ASHRAE’s response to the dilemma posed by the unavoidable health risks vs. the desire to get good information out to the engineering community and public is addressed.

Forum - What's Needed in an ETS Design Guide?

Sponsor: TC 04.03 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

APC Liaison: Carl N. Lawson, PWI Consulting Engineers, Durham, NC

Moderator: Brian A Rock, Ph.D., P.E., Member, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS

The ASHRAE Board of Directors has decided that Standard 62 will not address environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), but that ASHRAE will develop a stand-alone publication on ETS design issues. This forum allows interested parties to discuss what should be presented in this design guide with the author, the review committee and others present.

Re-entrainment of Flue-Gas and Building-Air Exhaust by a Packaged HVAC Unit

George H. Stickford, Member, James H. Saunders, Ph.D., David J. Hesse, Rodney L. Osborne, Ph.D., P.E., and Sherwood G. Talbert, P.E., Member, Battelle, Columbus, OH

The Influence of a Rooftop Structure on the Dispersion of Exhaust from a Rooftop Stack

Patrick J. Saathoff, Ph.D., Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Louis P. Lazure, P.E., Associate Member, IRSST, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Theodore Stathopoulos, Ph.D., Concordia University, Montreal, QB, Canada; H. Peperkamp, Technical University of Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Specifying Exhaust Systems that Avoid Fume Re-entry and Adverse Health Effects

Ronald L. Petersen, Ph.D., Member, Brad C. Cochran, Member and John LeCompte, Student Member, Cermak Peterka Petersen, Inc., Ft. Collins, CO

Symposium HI-02-15 - Exhaust and Air Intake Design Issues

Sponsor: TC 04.03 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration; TC 09.10 Laboratory Systems

Chair: John J. Carter, Member, Cermak Peterka Petersen, Inc., Fort Collins, CO

This symposium presents practical aspects regarding the design of building exhausts from a fume reentry, or indoor air quality, perspective. The quality of air in and around buildings is becoming a more important aspect of overall project design due to increasing public awareness, employee health/productivity and liability issues.

CFD Analysis of Laboratory Exhaust Fans and Applications

Michael Brendel, Ph.D., Member, Lau Industries Inc., Dayton, OH

Effect of Rooftop Structure on the Dispersion of Exhaust from a Short Stack

Ted Stathopoulos, Ph.D., Member, P. Eng, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

A Suggested Dilution Criterion for Laboratory Fume Hood Exhausts

Michael A. Ratcliff, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Rowan Williams Irwin Davies, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

Designing and Evaluating Exhaust Systems to Avoid Adverse Health Effects

John J. Carter, Member, Cermak Peterka Petersen Inc., Fort Collins, CO

Seminar 31 - Criteria for Specifying Acceptable Exhaust/Intake Systems

Sponsor: TC 4.3 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Chair: Ronald L. Petersen, Ph.D., Member, Cermak Peterka Petersen Inc., Fort Collins, CO

APC Liaison: Robert Linder, P.E., Karges Faulconbridge Inc., Saint Paul, MN

Presenters in this seminar address various issues regarding designing acceptable exhaust and air intake systems. Acceptable means ensuring that toxic and/or noxious fumes from the exhaust do not reenter the building through the air intakes. The presenters discuss the effects of roof top structures, exhaust volume flow, exhaust velocity, exhaust height and air intake location on acceptable designs. The problems encountered using simple rules of thumb and guidelines are addressed as well as the advantages of using more complex methods such as CFD and wind tunnel modeling.

Description of ASHRAE Standard 62.2P

Max H. Sherman, Ph.D., Fellow, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

The Pulminary Medicine Perspective on Air Quality and Ventilation

Rebecca Bascom, Pennsylvania State Medical School, Hershey, PA

Gas Industry Perspective

Roger Hedrick, Member, GARD Analytics, Park Ridge, IL

The Home Builder's Perspective

Richard Morris, National Association of Home Builders, Washington, DC

Experience with 3000 Build America Ventilation Systems

Joseph Lstiburek, Ph.D., P.E., Building Science Corporation, Westford, MA

Seminar 8 - Perspectives on ASHRAE's Residential Ventilation Standard

Sponsor: TC 4.3 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Chair: Bruce A. Wilcox, P.E., Member, Berkeley Solar Group, Piedmont, CA

SPC 62.2P has been working for three years to draft a new standard on Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings. This seminar presents an overview of the draft standard along with the perspectives of several of the diverse interests involved in the consensus process.

Forum 38 - IAQ - Sensing Experiences: What Works?

Sponsor: TC 1.4 Control Theory and Application; TC 4.3 Ventilation Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Moderator: Jim Coogan, P.E., Associate, Siemens Building Technology, Buffalo Grove, IL

This forum seeks to collect the experiences of practitioners who have applied any of the available sensing technologies to indicate the quality of indoor air or the need for ventilation. Questions include: What does the sensor measure? Where is it located? How is the information used (monitoring, alarms, demand-controlled ventilation)? How well does the measurement correlate to occupants' perception of fresh air? How well does it correlate to compliance with the ventilation standard?

Forum 19 - The Revision of Standard 62-1999: How Does ASHRAE Like Continuous Maintenance?

Sponsor: TC 4.3 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

APC Liaison: Michael N. Hart, P.E., EEA Consulting Engineers, Austin, TX

Moderator: Andy Persily, Ph.D., Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD

ASHRAE Standard 62 was converted to continuous maintenance in 1997. Since then a small number of changes have been approved, and many more are in the process. The forum provides input on how the revision process is working and brings a variety of issues to the attention of the committee responsible for that revision.

Selecting Whole-House Ventilation Strategies to Meet Proposed ASHRAE Standard 62.2: Energy Cost Considerations

Craig P. Wray, Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA Nance E. Matson, P.E., Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory., Berkeley, CA Max H. Sherman, Ph.D., Fellow, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory., Berkeley, CA

Comparative Ventilation Systems Tests in a Mixed Climate

John K. Holton, P.E., Member, IBACOS, Pittsburgh, PA Timothy R. Beggs, P.E., Associate Member, Burt Hill Kosar Rittelmann Associates, Butler, PA

Measurement of Ventilation and Inter-Zonal Distribution in Single Family Houses

Armin F. Rudd, Member, Building Science Corp., Westford, MA Joseph W. Lstiburek, Ph.D., Member, Building Science Corp., Westford, MA

Symposium MN-00-10 - Residential Ventilation and IAQ

Sponsor: TC 04.03 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

APC Liaison: Robert J. Linder, Owens Services Corp.

Chair: David Grimsrud, Ph.D., Member, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN

This symposium explores many features of residential ventilation systems from a theoretical and experimental point of view: energy cost implications of residential mechanical ventilation systems in North American climates; a comparison of actual energy use and ventilation performance in a laboratory house in Pittsburgh, Pa. that contains several mechanical system variations; and measurements of ventilation air change rates and ventilation distribution in houses in Las Vegas, N.V. and Minneapolis, Minn., comparing eight ventilation systems in the two single-family houses.

Poster Session - Air Leakage Through Automatic Doors (RP-763) (4381)

Sponsor: TC 04.03 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Grenville K. Yuill, Ph.D., Fellow, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE

Rebecca Upham, Member, Grumman/Butkus Associates, Evanston, IL

Chen Hui, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX

A method has been developed to estimate the air leakage through high-use automatic doors. Two studies were carried out: one was a laboratory study of the discharge coefficients of doors of various geometries; the other a field study of the times for which automatic doors are open, as a function use. An airflow coefficient that is a function of the number of people using a door each hour is developed. The designer can use this coefficient with the pressure difference across the door to estimate the rate of air leakage through the door.

Forum 43 - Draft Standard 62.2, Ventilation and Acceptable IAQ in Low-Rise Residential Buildings

Sponsor: TC 04.03 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

APC Liaison: Michael B. Pate, Ph.D., Iowa State University

Moderator: Bruce Wilcox, P.E., Member, Berkeley Solar Group, Piedmont, CA

This forum discusses the proposed 62.2 draft on ventilation requirements for low-rise residential buildings. This forum provides an opportunity to continue dialogue between members and the committee on several issues of concern, including mechanical whole house ventilation and mechanical exhaust fans.

Measured Airtightness of an Installed Skylight

C.Y. Shaw, Ph.D., P.E., R.J. Magee, and G. F. Poirie, P.E., National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Monitoring for Ventilation and Airtightness

David Bearg, P.E., Member, Life Energy Associates, Concord, MA

Infiltration, Natural Ventilation and HVAC Performance in the Intelligent Workplace

Ardeshir Mahdavi, Member, and Robert Ries, Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA; Dongwoo Cho, Ph.D., Korea Institute of Construction, KyonggI-Do

Symposium DA-00-09 - Airtightness, Ventilation, Indoor Climate and Energy Performance of Small Commercial Buildings

Sponsor: TC 4.3 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

APC Liaison: Daniel J. Dettmers, HVAC&R Center

Chair: Martin Liddament, Ph.D., Air Infiltration & Ventilation Centre, Coventry, UK

This symposium covers the air tightness, ventilation and environmental performance of small commercial buildings such as small offices (e.g. up to six floors), shopping malls, small warehouses and light industrial premises/work-shops. Topics covered include: impact of air tightness measures on comfort, air quality and well-being; ventilation strategies incorporating air tight design; standards relating to air tightness requirements; and demonstration of retrofit and new build examples.

Forum 16 - Standard 62.1 Ventilation Rates: How Should Occupant and Building Components Be Combined?

Sponsor: TC 4.3 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration; SSPC 62.1

APC Liaison: Sally A. Hooks, Ascendix Group

Moderator: Steven T. Taylor, P.E., Member, Taylor Engineering, Alameda, CA

Revisions to Standard 62.1 include the introduction of a "building component" to ventilation rates intended to dilute pollutants from building materials, furnishings, etc. This component is proposed to be added to the "occupant component." Other options include combining the two components together into a single rate on a per person or per unit area basis, or taking the larger of the two components. Which should be used?

Forum 6 - Draft Standard 62.2, Ventilation and Acceptable IAQ in Low-Rise Residential Buildings

Sponsor: TC 04.03 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

APC Liaison: Sally A. Hooks, Ascendix Group

Moderator: Bruce A. Wilcox, P.E., Member, BSG, Piedmont, CA

The draft 62.2P is expected to be out for public review at or around the Seattle meeting. This forum allows members of the SPC to explain the draft and answer questions from potential commentors.

Residential Pollutants and Ventilation Strategies: Moisture and Combustion Products

Daniel E. Hadlich, Albuquerque, NM; David T. Grimsrud, Ph.D., Member, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN

Residential Pollutants and Ventilation Strategies: Volatile Organic Compounds and Radon

David T. Grimsrud, Ph.D., Member, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN; Daniel E. Hadlich, , Albuquerque, NM

Passive Ventilation for Residential Air Quality Control

James Axley, Ph.D., Member, Yale University, New Haven, CT

Occupant Interaction with Washington State Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality Code Mandated Whole House Ventilation Systems: Telephone Survey Results

John H. Devine, Rick Kunkle, P.E. and Michael R. Lubliner, Member, Washington State University Energy Program, Olympia, WA

Simplified Tools for Evaluating Domestic Ventilaiton Systems

Lars-Göran Månsson, Member, LGM Consult AB, Tullinge, Sweden; Malcolm S. Orne, University of Warwick Science Park, Coventry, England

Symposium SE-99-11 - Residential Ventilation and IAQ

Sponsor: TC 04.03 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

APC Liaison: Sally A. Hooks, Ascendix Group

Chair: Max Sherman, Ph.D., Fellow, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

With the advent of residential codes, standards, and energy efficiency programs, the topic of residential ventilation has become of more interest to the profession and industry. This symposium reviews the field and examines current approaches and technologies.

Technical Session 2 - Placement of Ventilation Air Intakes for Improved IAQ (RP-806) (4229)

Sponsor: TC 04.03 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Brian A. Rock, Ph.D., P.E., Member and Kelly Moylan, Student Member, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS

ASHRAE Research Project, Design Criteria for Building Ventilation Inlets (806-RP), reviewed existing knowledge of placement of ventilation air louvers, to produce a design guide, and to suggest additional research, all with the intention of improving indoor air quality in commercial and institutional buildings. Previous research effort and standards relating to ventilation air intake placement are described.

Research on Working Fluids

Richard H. Ernst, Member, The Trane Company, La Crosse, WI

Investigations to Increase Equipment Efficiencies

Thomas E. Watson, P.E., Member, McQuay International, Staunton, VA

Evaluation of Alternative "Not-in-Kind" Equipment

Lee W. Burgett, P.E., Member, The Trane Company, La Crosse, WI

Research Addressing Indoor Environmental Issues

H.E. Barney Burroughs, Presidential Member, Building Wellness Consultant, Alpharetta, GA

Enhanced Integration of HVAC&R Equipment into Varied Applications

Richard E. Ertinger, Member, Carrier Corp, Syracuse, NY

Seminar 12 - A New Initiative: HVAC&R Research for the 21st Century

Sponsor: TC 03.01, Refrigerant and Secondary Coolants; TC 03.02, Refrigerant System Chemistry; TC 03.03, Refrigerant Contaminant Control; 03.04 Lubrication; TC 04.03, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Chair: Kenneth Hickman, Ph.D., Member, York International, York, PA

APC Liaison: Sukhdev S. Mathaudhu, P.E., Mathaudhu Engineering Inc.

A major HVAC&R industry research program which addresses energy efficiency, comfort, and environmental issues associated with HVAC&R equipment and applications is being launched. This seminar presents the background and current status of the program, the "21-CR" effort. The leaders of the five 21-CR research areas will explain their group's mission and identify top projects being moved forward. The relationship of the 21-CR program to ASHRAE's extensive research efforts are explained.

Forum 15 - Feedback on the HVAC&R Research for the 21st Century

Sponsor: TC 03.01, Refrigerant and Secondary Coolants; TC 03.02 ,Refrigerant System; TC 03.03, Refrigerant Contaminant Control; TC 03.04, lubrication; TC 04.03, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration; TC 04.04, Thermal Insulation and Moisture Retarders, TG 2.GCC, Global Climate Change

Moderator: Ed French, Member, Heatcraft Inc., Stone Mountain, GA

APC Liaison: Janet M. Lynch, Johnson Controls, Inc.

The new 21st century research program (21-CR) includes work in five areas: alternative equipment ("not-in-kind systems"), equipment energy efficiency, system integration, indoor environmental quality and working fluids. A preceding seminar will describe the research being planned. This forum seeks feedback about the five to seven year 21-CR program, its priorities, methods for communicating results and plans for cooperating with other research efforts.

Forum 37 - ASHRAE Standard 62 Compliance: Central versus Local Ventilation and Control

Sponsors: TC 1.04 Control Theory and Application; 4.03 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Moderator: Rad K. Ganesh, Ph.D., Member, The Trane Company, La Crosse, Wisconsin

APC Liaison: Jim Norman

The goal of this forum is to assess the requirement for a seminar or symposia on this issue. Various HVAC systems need to  comply with Standard 62 in the way ventilation air is introduced and controlled in the space. Opportunities to design, apply and control central versus local ventilation systems are explored.

Wind Shielding Effects of Nearby Buildings

David J. Wilson, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Use of Surface Pressure Coefficients in Building Airflow Calculations

Muthusamy V. Swami, Ph.D., Florida Solar Energy Centre, Cocoa Beach, Florida

Wind Effects on Inlet Mixing Boxes

George N. Walton, Member, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland

Wind Effects - Current Design Practice and Standard 62 - 89R

David R. Warden, P.E., Member, DWT Engineering, Victoria, BC, Canada

Seminar 39 - What Do Designers Need to Account for Wind Pressures on HVAC Inflow and Outflow?

Sponsor: TC 2.05 Air Flow Around Buildings

Chair: Craig P. Wray, P.E., Member, Sheltair Scientific LTD., Vancouver, BC, Canada

Wind pressures at building air intakes and exhausts can alter the intended performance of HVAC systems. Current design practice for dealing with wind varies widely and often ignores its effects on system performance. This seminar provides simple rules of thumb to help identify potential trouble spots and to estimate the magnitude of adjacent building effects. Updated surface pressure data will be presented and the interactions of HVAC system operation, inlet and outlet location, and wind are explored. The impact of draft Standard 62-89R on HVAC system control under windy conditions is discussed.

Use of CO2 as an Indirect Measure of Outdoor Air Ventilation

Richard Shaughnessy, Ph.D., Member, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Direct Airflow and Temperature Measurements for Outdoor Air Ventilation Rates

Gerald J. Kettler, P.E., Member, AIR Engineering and Testing, Dallas, Texas

An Evaluation of the Air Fraction Tracer Method for Measuring Outside Air Ventilation Rates

Lisa Rogers, Solomat Neotronics, Tampa, Florida

Tracer Gas Techniques for Measuring Outdoor Air Ventilation Rules

Francis (Bud) Offerman III, P.E., Member, Indoor Environmental Engineering, San Francisco, California

Seminar 02 - How to Measure Outdoor Air Ventilation Rates for IAQ Application

Sponsor: 01.02, Instruments and Measurement; 4.03, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Chair: Richard Stonier, Member, Solomat Neotronics, Norwalk, Connecticut

Liaison: James Buckley

Ventilation with outdoor air to dilute indoor contaminants has been recognized as an important component of maintaining good indoor air quality. ASHRAE Standard 62 "Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality" prescribes specific minimum outdoor air ventilation rates to be incorporated in building design and operation. A variety of different techniques are being used in the field to calculate outdoor air ventilation rates. However, in practice, measurement of outdoor air ventilation rates is often difficult and requires a knowledge of the assumptions made for the given measurement technique. This seminar includes presentations on practical methods for measuring outdoor air ventilation rates.

Comparative Ventilation System Evaluations

John K. Holton, P.E., Member, Burt Hill Kosar Rittelmann Assoc., Butler, Pennsylvania, Michael Koleagleo, P.E., Member, Burt Hill Kosar Rittelmann Assoc., Butler, Pennsylvania, Timothy Beggs, EIT, Burt Hill Kosar Rittelmann Assoc., Butler, Pennsylvania

Mechanical Ventilation in HUD-Code Manufactured Housing in the Pacific Northwest

Michael Lubliner, Associate Member, Washington State Energy Office, Olympic, Washington, Don Stevens, Stevens and Associates, Keport, Washington, Bob Davis, Ecotope Inc.

Residential Ventilation in the UK: An Overview

Michael Woolliscroft, Building Research Establishment, Garston, Watford, United Kingdom

Evaluation of Five Simple Ventilation Strategies Suitable for Houses Without Forced-Air Heating

James T. Reardon, Ph.D., Institute for Research in Construction, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Chia-yu Shaw, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Institute for Research in Construction, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Residential Ventilation and Energy Characteristics

Max Sherman, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California, Nance Matson, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California

Symposium PH-97-08 - Residential Ventilation and Energy Characteristics

Sponsor: 04.03, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Chair: Max Sherman, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California

Liaison: Marvin Thedford

Liaison: Charles McDowell

The purpose of this symposium is to present data on the performance of residential ventilation systems. The papers will cover both measurement and analysis of single family and multi-family systems from both an energy and indoor air quality perspective. Papers include results of systems comparisons, including economic considerations.

Forum 19 - Why Do We Need Intake to Exhaust Separation Distances in Standard 62?

Sponsor: 02.05, Air Flow Around Buildings; 04.03, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Moderator: David Wilson, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Liaison: Chad Dorgan

Proposed ASHRAE Standard 62 requires that air intakes be located sufficiently far from exhaust to avoid excessive contamination. The exhaust to intake spacing is based on the contamination class of exhaust air, and an atmospheric dilution factor calculated for a single design windspeed. This forum will explore how current design practice may have to be changed to produce inherently good designs that meet the requirements of proposed Standard 62.

Requirements for VAV System Design and Control in Standard 62-1989 and Standard 62-R

Steve Taylor, P.E., Member, Taylor Engineering, Oakland, California

Ventilation Calculation for Minimum Energy Use: The 10 Minute Solution

David Warden, P. Eng., Member, E&M Consultants, Inc., Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Reset Strategy for Proper VAV System Ventilation

Dennis A. Stanke, Member, The Trane Company, La Crosse, Wisconsin

Seminar 36 - Application of Standard 62 to VAV Systems

Sponsor: 04.03, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

Chair: Grenville K. Yuill, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania

Liaison: Ron Howell

The "Ventilation Rate Procedure" of ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 specifies the amounts of outdoor air to be delivered to spaces within a building, depending on the uses of those spaces. The problem is much more complicated in VAV systems, where the supply air flow rate to a room changes with the cooling load. Another problem in VAV systems is the control of the outdoor air flow rate when the supply air flow rate is changing. The papers in this seminar will provide guidance in solving these problems. They will also consider the impact of the proposed revisions to the standard which underwent public review in the Fall of 1996.